Community protocol
Third-partyThymosin Alpha 1 10mg
- 01Reconstitution solution
- 1 mL
- 02Dose
- 1 mg
- 03Syringe units
- 10 units
- 04Frequency
- 7x/week
- 05Cycle length
- 90 days
- 06Bacteriostatic water
- 1 mL
- 07Bottle size
- 10 mg
- 08Bottles needed
- 9
Thymosin Alpha-1
An approved immunomodulator in more than 30 countries for hepatitis B and C, with randomized trial data in sepsis. One of the better-evidenced immune peptides.
Overview
Thymosin alpha-1 is a fragment of a protein made by the thymus, the gland that trains immune cells. It appears to help the immune system respond better to threats by nudging T-cells toward maturity and improving how well immune cells recognize infected cells. It has been approved in a number of countries for chronic viral hepatitis and studied in severe sepsis, where the immune system becomes both overactive and exhausted at once.
Thymosin alpha-1 is a 28-amino-acid N-terminally acetylated peptide, the cleaved product of prothymosin alpha. It acts primarily as an agonist at Toll-like receptor 9 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and TLR2/TLR9 in myeloid dendritic cells, driving MyD88-dependent NF-κB and IRF7 activation. Downstream effects include increased maturation of dendritic cells, enhanced Th1 polarization with elevated IL-2 and IFN-gamma, augmented MHC class I expression on infected and tumour cells improving CTL recognition, increased natural killer cell activity, and restoration of T-cell counts in lymphopenic states. In sepsis models the reported benefit is attributed to reversal of monocyte deactivation and restoration of mHLA-DR expression during the immunosuppressive phase.
Research areas
ImmuneInfectious diseaseSepsisOncology adjunct
Community-specified data
Community dosage information
Not medical guidance. These third-party figures have not been independently verified, clinically reviewed, or endorsed by DB Peptide. They may be inaccurate or unsafe and should not replace product labelling or advice from a qualified clinician.
Dosing reported in the literature
Every protocol below is reproduced from a published study or approved labelling, with its source named. These are records of what was studied — not recommendations, and not a suggestion that any of them is appropriate for any person.
| Protocol as reported | Source |
|---|---|
| 1.6 mg subcutaneously twice weekly for 6–12 months in chronic hepatitis | Thymalfasin chronic hepatitis B registration protocols |
| 1.6 mg subcutaneously every 12 hours for 5 days, then once daily for 2 days, in the severe sepsis trial | Wu et al., Critical Care 2013 |
Trial status
Multiple randomized controlled trials in chronic hepatitis B and C. Randomized trials in sepsis completed, including a large multicentre trial reported in 2024.
Registration trials — chronic hepatitis B
CompletedRandomized controlled trials and subsequent meta-analyses reported improved sustained virologic response versus control, supporting approvals outside the US.
Phase 2 — severe sepsis
Completed361 patients in a multicentre randomized trial in China. 28-day mortality of 26.0% in the treatment group vs 35.0% in control.
Phase 3 — TESTS sepsis trial
CompletedLarge multicentre randomized trial in sepsis. The primary 28-day mortality endpoint was not met in the overall population, with signals reported in prespecified subgroups.
Reported safety signals
- Consistently reported as well tolerated across trials; injection site reactions are the most common adverse event.
- Because it enhances immune activation, use in autoimmune disease and in transplant recipients on immunosuppression is a defined exclusion in most trial protocols.
- Efficacy signals in sepsis have not been consistent across trials — the largest trial did not meet its primary endpoint.
Primary sources
- 01
The efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 for severe sepsis (ETASS): a multicenter, single-blind, randomized and controlled trial
- 02
Thymosin alpha 1: A comprehensive review of the literature
- 03
Thymosin alpha1 activates dendritic cell tolerogenic programs via TLR9
- 04
Thymalfasin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C: a meta-analysis
Medical disclaimer
This page is for informational and research purposes only. Nothing here constitutes medical advice. The compounds discussed are research chemicals. Consult a qualified clinician before starting any protocol.
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