Peptide research database
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- 109
- Compound profiles
- 335
- Primary citations
- 103
- Research classes
- 2026-07-28
- Last reviewed
FiltersResearch area · Evidence
Research area
Evidence level
- Metabolic & WeightGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
5-Amino-1MQ
5-amino-1-methylquinolinium
A small molecule, not a peptide, sold alongside them. It blocks the enzyme NNMT in fat tissue. The data is mouse-only — there are no human trials.
- Bone & MuscleGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Abaloparatide
Tymlos · BA058 · PTHrP(1-34) analogue
An approved daily injection for osteoporosis that builds new bone rather than slowing its loss. Phase 3 showed a large reduction in vertebral fracture.
- Bone & MuscleGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
ACE-031
ramatercept · ActRIIB-Fc
A myostatin-blocking decoy receptor that increased muscle mass in trials, then had its development halted over vascular bleeding events.
- Skin & CosmeticGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
AHK-Cu
alanine-histidine-lysine copper · AHK copper peptide
A copper tripeptide marketed for hair growth, closely related to GHK-Cu. The published evidence is limited in-vitro work, mostly from cosmetic industry sources.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
AOD-9604
hGH fragment 176-191 · AOD9604 · Anti-Obesity Drug 9604
A growth hormone fragment developed as an anti-obesity agent. Reached phase 2b in humans, where it failed to separate from placebo on weight loss.
- Healing & RepairGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
Ara-290
cibinetide · ARA 290 helix B surface peptide
An eleven-amino-acid peptide from erythropoietin that keeps its tissue-protective effects without raising red blood cells. Phase 2 data in sarcoidosis neuropathy is encouraging but small.
- Skin & CosmeticGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Argireline
acetyl hexapeptide-8 · acetyl hexapeptide-3
The best-known "topical Botox" peptide. It does have a published mechanism and some small clinical studies, but the effect size is modest and the trials are industry-run.
- Cardiovascular & BloodGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Bivalirudin
Angiomax · Hirulog · bivalirudin trifluoroacetate
An approved intravenous anticoagulant used during coronary intervention. Derived from leech saliva chemistry, with a very short and predictable action.
- Healing & RepairGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
BPC-157
Body Protection Compound 157 · PL 14736 · Bepecin
Extensive rodent literature reporting tendon, ligament and gut healing effects, almost entirely from a single research group. Human trial evidence is minimal.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Bronchogen
AEDL peptide · bronchial bioregulator
A Khavinson-class bronchi and airway bioregulator. Marketed for respiratory function and chronic bronchitis. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
Cagrilintide
AM833 · NNC0174-0833
An investigational amylin analogue studied alone and combined with semaglutide as CagriSema. Phase 2 complete; phase 3 REDEFINE programme reporting.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
CagriSema
cagrilintide/semaglutide · CagriSema 2.4/2.4
Cagrilintide and semaglutide in one weekly injection. Phase 3 trials completed with roughly 20-23% mean weight loss, below the headline figure the programme was expected to hit.
- Bone & MuscleGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
Calcitonin
salmon calcitonin · Miacalcin · Fortical
An approved hormone therapy for hypercalcaemia, Paget's disease and osteoporosis. Its osteoporosis use has narrowed sharply over a cancer signal in long-term data.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Cartalax
AED peptide · cartilage bioregulator
A Khavinson-class cartilage and joint bioregulator. Marketed for joint and cartilage function. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Cognitive & NeuroGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Cerebrolysin
FPF-1070 · porcine brain peptide preparation
A mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides from pig brain, licensed in parts of Europe and Asia for stroke and dementia. Large trials have been repeatedly inconclusive.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Chonluten
lung bioregulator · pulmonary peptide preparation
A Khavinson-class lung bioregulator. Marketed for pulmonary function, including in smokers and after respiratory infection. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Growth HormoneGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
CJC-1295
DAC:GRF · CJC-1295 with DAC · Modified GRF 1-29 (no-DAC form)
A GHRH analogue engineered for extended half-life. Phase 1 human data confirm sustained GH and IGF-1 elevation; development was discontinued and no efficacy trials were completed.
- Growth HormoneGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
CJC-1295 DAC
CJC-1295 with DAC · DAC:GRF · drug affinity complex GRF
CJC-1295 with a linker that binds it to blood albumin, stretching its half-life from minutes to about a week. That long action is also the main criticism of it.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Cortagen
AEDP peptide · cerebral cortex bioregulator
A Khavinson-class cerebral cortex bioregulator. Marketed for cognitive function and recovery after brain injury. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Sexual & HormonalGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Cosyntropin
tetracosactide · Synacthen · Cortrosyn
The first 24 amino acids of ACTH, used as the standard diagnostic test of adrenal function. Approved, well characterised, and used as a single dose.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Crystagen
EDP peptide · immune bioregulator
A Khavinson-class immune system bioregulator. Marketed as an immune bioregulator, positioned alongside the thymus preparations. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Sexual & HormonalGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Desmopressin
DDAVP · Minirin · Nocdurna
A modified vasopressin approved for diabetes insipidus, nocturia and bleeding disorders. Effective and cheap, with hyponatraemia as its serious risk.
- Cognitive & NeuroGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Dihexa
N-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile-(6) aminohexanoic amide · PNB-0408
A synthetic angiotensin IV derivative reported to promote new synapse formation in rodents. No human data of any kind exists.
- Cognitive & NeuroGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
DSIP
delta sleep-inducing peptide · DSIP nonapeptide
A nine-amino-acid peptide isolated from rabbit brain in 1977 and named for the sleep pattern it induced. The human sleep evidence has never been convincing.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Dulaglutide
Trulicity · LY2189265
An approved weekly GLP-1 agonist for type 2 diabetes with a completed cardiovascular outcomes trial. Weight loss is modest compared with semaglutide or tirzepatide.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
Eloralintide
LY3841136
An investigational selective amylin analogue in phase 2 obesity trials. Early data has been reported at conferences; peer-reviewed publication is limited.
- Immune & InflammationGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Enfuvirtide
Fuzeon · T-20
The first HIV fusion inhibitor, approved in 2003. A 36-amino-acid peptide that blocks the virus from entering cells, now reserved for multidrug-resistant infection.
- LongevityGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Epithalon
Epitalon · Epithalone · AEDG peptide
A synthetic tetrapeptide with longevity claims resting almost entirely on work from a single Russian institute. No independent replication and no modern registered trials.
- Cardiovascular & BloodGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Eptifibatide
Integrilin · barbourin analogue
A cyclic heptapeptide antiplatelet drug modelled on rattlesnake venom, used intravenously during coronary intervention and in acute coronary syndromes.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Exenatide
Byetta · Bydureon · exendin-4
The first GLP-1 agonist approved, derived from Gila monster venom. Largely superseded by weekly agents but its trial record is long and complete.
- Bone & MuscleGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Follistatin
FST-344 · FST-315 · activin-binding protein
The body's natural myostatin trap. Gene-therapy trials have been conducted in muscular dystrophy; injectable follistatin as sold has no human evidence at all.
- LongevityGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
FOXO4-DRI
FOXO4-D-retro-inverso peptide · FOXO4-p53 interfering peptide
A designed peptide that selectively kills senescent cells in mice, producing striking results in a widely cited 2017 paper. No human data exists.
- Cognitive & NeuroGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
GB-115
dipeptide cholecystokinin antagonist GB-115
A Russian-developed dipeptide anxiolytic acting on cholecystokinin signalling. Published human data is confined to a small number of Russian-language studies.
- Skin & CosmeticGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
GHK-Cu
Copper Tripeptide-1 · GHK-copper · Gly-His-Lys-Cu
A naturally occurring human plasma tripeptide with copper affinity. Best evidence is in topical dermatology; systemic use has no controlled human trial support.
- Growth HormoneGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
GHRP-2
pralmorelin · KP-102
A synthetic ghrelin mimetic used clinically in Japan as a diagnostic test for growth hormone deficiency. Reliably raises GH; also raises cortisol and prolactin.
- Growth HormoneGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
GHRP-6
growth hormone releasing peptide 6 · SKF-110679
The original growth hormone releasing peptide. Effective at raising GH but produces the strongest appetite stimulation of the class, plus cortisol and prolactin elevation.
- Healing & RepairGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Glow Protocol
GLOW blend · BPC-157 / TB-500 / GHK-Cu blend
A marketing blend of three separate research peptides sold in one vial. No trial has ever tested the combination — the evidence, such as it is, belongs to the individual components.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Glucagon
GlucaGen · Gvoke · Baqsimi
The body's own hormone for raising blood glucose, approved as an emergency treatment for severe hypoglycaemia. Well characterised and unambiguously effective for that use.
- LongevityGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
Glutathione
GSH · L-glutathione · reduced glutathione
The body's principal intracellular antioxidant. Approved intravenously in some countries for specific uses; the skin-lightening and anti-ageing claims are far weaker than the marketing.
- Sexual & HormonalGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
Gonadorelin
GnRH · LHRH · Factrel
The natural GnRH decapeptide. Its very short half-life means it must be pulsed, which is precisely what distinguishes it from the agonists used to shut the axis down.
- Growth HormoneGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
Hexarelin
examorelin · EP-23905
The most potent of the classical GHRPs for raising growth hormone, but it desensitises the receptor faster than the others. Also studied for direct cardiac effects.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
HGH Fragment 176-191
HGH Frag 176-191 · AOD-9604 parent fragment · lipolytic fragment
The tail end of the growth hormone molecule, marketed as a fat-loss peptide. The one well-designed human trial of its clinical analogue found no weight-loss benefit over placebo.
- LongevityGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
Humanin
HN · HNG · mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin
A peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA rather than the nuclear genome. Levels fall with age and correlate with longevity in humans, but no therapeutic trial exists.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Insulin
human insulin · insulin glargine · insulin lispro
The most thoroughly studied hormone in medicine and an essential therapy in type 1 diabetes. Also the single most dangerous compound on this list when used without medical supervision.
- Growth HormoneGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
Ipamorelin
NNC 26-0161
A selective GHS-R1a agonist notable for releasing growth hormone without the cortisol and prolactin rise seen with earlier secretagogues. Human trials exist but are small and focused on postoperative ileus.
- Sexual & HormonalGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
Kisspeptin-10
KP-10 · Metastin 45-54 · Kisspeptin-54 fragment
A reproductive-axis neuropeptide with a substantial body of controlled human physiology studies, mostly from a single UK research programme. Not approved; used clinically only in research settings.
- Healing & RepairGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
KLOW Blend
KLOW · KPV / GHK-Cu / BPC-157 / TB-500 blend
A four-peptide blend marketed for recovery and gut health. As with all such blends, no study has tested the mixture — only the individual pieces have literature.
- Immune & InflammationGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
KPV
Lys-Pro-Val · α-MSH 11-13 · alpha-MSH C-terminal tripeptide
The C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-MSH, retaining anti-inflammatory activity without pigmentary effects. Preclinical evidence is consistent; human trial evidence is absent.
- Growth HormoneGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Lanreotide
Somatuline Depot · Somatuline Autogel · BIM 23014
An approved depot somatostatin analogue for acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumours. It suppresses growth hormone rather than raising it.
- Sexual & HormonalGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Leuprolide
Lupron · Lupron Depot · Eligard
A long-acting GnRH agonist that suppresses sex hormone production by overstimulating the pituitary. Approved for prostate cancer, endometriosis, fibroids and precocious puberty.
- Gut & DigestiveGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Linaclotide
Linzess · Constella · MD-1100
An approved oral peptide for IBS with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation. It acts entirely inside the gut and is essentially not absorbed.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Liraglutide
Victoza · Saxenda · NN2211
The first once-daily GLP-1 analogue to reach broad approval. Cardiovascular outcome data from LEADER established the class safety precedent.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Livagen
KEDA peptide · liver bioregulator
A Khavinson-class liver bioregulator. Marketed for liver function, with claims about chromatin decondensation in lymphocytes. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Immune & InflammationGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
LL-37
cathelicidin LL-37 · hCAP18 fragment · CAMP
The only human cathelicidin, a 37-amino-acid antimicrobial and immune-signalling peptide. Extensively studied as a molecule; barely studied as a therapy.
- Growth HormoneGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Macimorelin
Macrilen · AEZS-130 · EP-01572
The only orally active growth hormone secretagogue approved by the FDA, used as a single-dose diagnostic test for adult growth hormone deficiency.
- Skin & CosmeticGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
Matrixyl
palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 · pal-KTTKS · Matrixyl 3000 precursor
A collagen fragment attached to a fatty acid so it can cross the skin barrier. One of the few cosmetic peptides with a published double-blind trial showing wrinkle improvement.
- Skin & CosmeticGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Matrixyl 3000
palmitoyl tripeptide-1 and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 · pal-GHK / pal-GQPR
A two-peptide successor to Matrixyl, pairing a collagen signal with an anti-inflammatory fragment. Evidence is largely supplier-generated.
- Skin & CosmeticGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Melanotan I
afamelanotide · Scenesse · NDP-MSH
An approved implant for erythropoietic protoporphyria, and the only melanotan with regulatory approval. Far more selective than Melanotan II.
- Sexual & HormonalGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Melanotan II
MT-II · MT2 · Melanotan 2
A non-selective melanocortin agonist studied in small early-phase trials for tanning and erectile function. Never approved. Multiple published case reports of adverse events from unregulated use.
- Growth HormoneGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
MK-677
Ibutamoren · Ibutamoren mesylate · MK-0677
An orally bioavailable ghrelin receptor agonist with genuine long-duration human RCT data, including a 2-year trial in older adults. Development was discontinued after efficacy endpoints were not met.
- LongevityGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
MOTS-c
mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c · mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c
A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA that acts as an exercise-mimetic metabolic regulator in mice. Human data is observational only.
- LongevityGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
NAD+ Precursors
nicotinamide riboside · NR · nicotinamide mononucleotide
Nicotinamide riboside and NMN reliably raise blood NAD+ in humans. Whether that translates into any clinical benefit remains largely unproven.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Normoftal
retina bioregulator · ophthalmic peptide preparation
A Khavinson-class retina and eye bioregulator. Marketed as eye drops for retinal function and age-related visual decline. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Growth HormoneGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Octreotide
Sandostatin · Sandostatin LAR · Bynfezia
The original somatostatin analogue, approved since 1988 for acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome and VIPoma. Extensively characterised.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
Orforglipron
LY3502970
A small-molecule GLP-1 agonist taken as a tablet with no food or water restrictions. Phase 3 results in obesity and type 2 diabetes have been reported.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Ovagen
liver peptide bioregulator · Ovagen Cytomax
A Khavinson-class liver and digestive bioregulator. Marketed for liver and intestinal function — despite the name, which suggests an ovarian preparation it is not. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Sexual & HormonalGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
Oxytocin
Pitocin · Syntocinon
An approved obstetric drug with a rigorous evidence base, and separately the subject of a large intranasal social-behaviour literature that has largely failed to replicate.
- Cognitive & NeuroGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
P21
P021 · CNTF peptide mimetic
An eleven-amino-acid fragment of ciliary neurotrophic factor, modified for brain penetration. Rodent data in Alzheimer's models is encouraging; there is no human data.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Pancragen
KEDW peptide · pancreas bioregulator
A Khavinson-class pancreas bioregulator. Marketed for pancreatic function and glucose metabolism. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Growth HormoneGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Pasireotide
Signifor · Signifor LAR · SOM230
A somatostatin analogue with broad receptor coverage, approved for Cushing's disease and for acromegaly not controlled on other analogues. Hyperglycaemia is its defining limitation.
- Cognitive & NeuroGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
PE-22-28
spadin analogue PE 22-28
A short peptide derived from spadin, investigated as a fast-acting antidepressant through a mechanism unrelated to serotonin reuptake. Rodent data only.
- Growth HormoneGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Pegvisomant
Somavert · B2036-PEG
A modified growth hormone molecule that blocks its own receptor. Approved for acromegaly and the most reliably effective option for normalising IGF-1.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Pinealon
EDR peptide · Glu-Asp-Arg · brain bioregulator
A Khavinson-class brain and neurons bioregulator. Marketed for cognitive function and neuroprotection, and one of the more studied peptides in the class. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Gut & DigestiveGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Plecanatide
Trulance · SP-304
An approved oral peptide for chronic constipation and IBS-C, designed to mimic uroguanylin and act preferentially in the acidic upper intestine.
- LongevityGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
PNC-27
PNC27 · p53-derived membrane-resident peptide
A p53-derived peptide reported to selectively rupture cancer cell membranes in vitro. All work is preclinical and from a small number of groups.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Prostamax
prostate bioregulator · Prostagen
A Khavinson-class prostate bioregulator. Marketed for prostate function and benign prostatic hyperplasia. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Sexual & HormonalGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
PT-141
Bremelanotide · Vyleesi
FDA-approved melanocortin agonist for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. Two phase 3 randomized trials support the approval.
- Skin & CosmeticGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
PTD-DBM
protein transduction domain-Dishevelled binding motif · CXXC5 inhibitor peptide
A peptide that blocks a negative regulator of Wnt signalling, studied for hair regrowth in mice. One small human study exists; the evidence is thin.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
Retatrutide
LY3437943 · Triple-G
Investigational triple agonist. Phase 2 reported the largest mean weight reduction yet published for a pharmacologic agent at 48 weeks. Phase 3 ongoing.
- Cardiovascular & BloodGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
Rusfertide
PTG-300 · hepcidin mimetic
An investigational hepcidin mimetic for polycythaemia vera. Phase 3 met its primary endpoint, substantially reducing the need for therapeutic phlebotomy.
- Cognitive & NeuroGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Selank
TP-7 · tuftsin analogue Selank
A Russian-developed heptapeptide anxiolytic, registered in Russia. Trials exist but are small, largely Russian-language, and not independently replicated.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Semaglutide
Ozempic · Wegovy · Rybelsus
The most rigorously trialled compound in the peptide space. Multiple large phase 3 randomized trials with cardiovascular outcome data.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Semaglutide (oral)
Rybelsus · oral semaglutide · SNAC-formulated semaglutide
The same peptide as injectable semaglutide, formulated with an absorption enhancer so it survives the stomach. Approved for type 2 diabetes, with a completed cardiovascular outcomes trial.
- Cognitive & NeuroGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Semax
ACTH(4-10) Pro-Gly-Pro · Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro
A stabilised fragment of ACTH with the hormonal activity removed, registered in Russia for stroke and cognitive indications. Evidence is almost entirely Russian.
- Growth HormoneGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
Sermorelin
GHRH (1-29) · Geref · GRF 1-29
The shortest biologically active fragment of GHRH. Previously FDA approved as a paediatric diagnostic and therapeutic agent; withdrawn commercially, not for safety reasons.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
Setmelanotide
Imcivree · RM-493
An approved treatment for rare genetic obesity caused by defects in the leptin-melanocortin pathway. Highly effective in that narrow population and not a general weight-loss drug.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
SLU-PP-332
ERR agonist SLU-PP-332
A small molecule, not a peptide, promoted as an "exercise in a pill". All published data is from mice; nothing has been tested in humans.
- Skin & CosmeticGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
SNAP-8
acetyl octapeptide-3 · acetyl glutamyl heptapeptide-1
An eight-amino-acid extension of Argireline marketed as a more potent topical expression-line treatment. Evidence is supplier-generated.
- LongevityGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
SS-31
elamipretide · Bendavia · MTP-131
A mitochondria-targeted peptide with a genuine clinical programme in rare mitochondrial disease. Phase 3 results have been mixed, but it is far better studied than most longevity peptides.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
Survodutide
BI 456906
A weekly dual agonist in phase 3 for obesity, with phase 2 results in MASH showing high rates of histological improvement.
- Healing & RepairGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
TB-500
Thymosin Beta-4 fragment · Tβ4 17-23 · TB4-LR
A synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4. The parent protein reached phase 2 human trials; the fragment sold as TB-500 has not been trialled in humans.
- Bone & MuscleGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Teriparatide
Forteo · PTH(1-34) · rhPTH(1-34)
The first bone-building osteoporosis drug, approved since 2002. Reduces vertebral fracture substantially and is one of the best-characterised anabolic agents in medicine.
- Growth HormoneGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Tesamorelin
Egrifta · TH9507
The only FDA-approved GHRH analogue. Phase 3 trials demonstrated reduction of visceral adipose tissue in HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Testagen
KEDG peptide · testis bioregulator
A Khavinson-class testis bioregulator. Marketed for testicular function and reproductive health in men. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Healing & RepairGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
THR-123
BMP-7 mimetic THR-123
A small orally active BMP-7 mimetic that reversed kidney fibrosis in mouse models. Preclinical only — no human data exists.
- Immune & InflammationGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Thymalin
thymus extract Thymalin · thymic polypeptide fraction
A thymus-derived peptide preparation from the Soviet-era Khavinson research programme, used clinically in Russia. Almost all evidence is Russian-language and unreplicated.
- Immune & InflammationGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Thymogen
Glu-Trp · thymogen dipeptide · glutamyl-tryptophan
A two-amino-acid peptide isolated as the active fragment of thymalin. Registered in Russia; no Western trials exist.
- Immune & InflammationGrade B — Human trials, limited scope
Thymosin Alpha-1
Tα1 · Thymalfasin · Zadaxin
An approved immunomodulator in more than 30 countries for hepatitis B and C, with randomized trial data in sepsis. One of the better-evidenced immune peptides.
- Healing & RepairGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
Thymosin Beta-4
Tβ4 · TB4 · RGN-259
The full-length protein that TB-500 is a fragment of. Unlike the fragment, this has reached phase 2 and phase 3 human trials — mostly ophthalmic, with mixed results.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Thyreogen
thyroid bioregulator · Thyreogen Cytomax
A Khavinson-class thyroid bioregulator. Marketed for thyroid function. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Metabolic & WeightGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Tirzepatide
Mounjaro · Zepbound · LY3298176
First approved dual incretin agonist. Phase 3 SURPASS and SURMOUNT programmes reported the largest mean weight reductions of any approved pharmacologic agent to date.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Ventfort
vascular bioregulator · Ventfort Cytomax
A Khavinson-class blood vessel bioregulator. Marketed for vascular function and circulation. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Vesilute
bladder bioregulator · Vesilute Cytomax
A Khavinson-class bladder bioregulator. Marketed for bladder function and urinary symptoms. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Veslugen
kidney bioregulator · renal peptide preparation
A Khavinson-class kidney bioregulator. Marketed for renal function. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Vesugen
KED peptide · Lys-Glu-Asp · vascular bioregulator
A Khavinson-class blood vessel bioregulator. The synthetic tripeptide counterpart to Ventfort, marketed for vascular function. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- BioregulatorsGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Vilon
KE peptide · Lys-Glu · thymus dipeptide
A Khavinson-class thymus and immune bioregulator. The simplest peptide in the class — two amino acids — and one of the most cited, including in animal lifespan studies. As with the whole class, the evidence is Russian-language, unreplicated, and does not meet the standard applied elsewhere in this database.
- Immune & InflammationGrade C — Preclinical or uncontrolled
VIP
vasoactive intestinal peptide · aviptadil · Zyesami
A 28-amino-acid neuropeptide with wide-ranging effects on lung, gut and immune tissue. Trialled as aviptadil in severe COVID-19 with results that did not support approval.
- Healing & RepairGrade D — Weak, conflicting or negative
Wolverine Stack
Wolverine blend · BPC-157 / TB-500 stack
The BPC-157 plus TB-500 combination, marketed for injury recovery. Neither compound has completed a human efficacy trial, and the combination has never been studied.
- Cognitive & NeuroGrade A — Multiple human RCTs
Ziconotide
Prialt · SNX-111 · ω-conotoxin MVIIA
A synthetic cone snail venom peptide approved for severe chronic pain, delivered directly into spinal fluid. Powerful analgesia, a narrow therapeutic window, and serious neuropsychiatric risk.
Not medical advice · Compounds listed here are research chemicals. Evidence grades describe published literature, not the safety or suitability of a compound for any person. Consult a qualified clinician before starting any protocol. Read the full disclaimer and our methodology.
DB Peptide · PubMed · ClinicalTrials.gov · peer-reviewed literature